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Any request to be fulfilled by the Virtual Assistant/Bot must be defined in a logical entity called as, Skill, where you define the intention of the user request, the required information to process the user request, and fulfillment details that resolves resolve the user’s request. A conversation is started and completed when the user request/intent understood and fulfilled by the Virtual Agent. These components together provide the back and forth conversation between the bot and the user and can enhance the end user's service management experience. This article details how to build skills and take advantage of the many configurable options.

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1. On the Skill Builder page, click Create Skill as shown below.
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2. The Create Skill a page appears as shown below.
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   1. Skill Details
      
      1. Specify the Skill Name. Keep this name user-friendly as it may be in the Welcome Skill or in a validation message to a user while chatting with the bot.
      2. The system automatically suggests a skill Identifier, which can be edited.
      3. Enter the Image URL that you wish to get displayed. We can even skip this field as it is not mandatory.
      4. Specify the skill description. Use user-friendly terminology as the description is used as the sub-title when a skill is in the Welcome Skill.
      5. Specify the Category to which this skill belongs. The category helps Administrators and developers organize related skills for filtering and finding skills within the Bot Builder interface. This has no impact on permissions or access. You can create your own category by typing the Category name, else, you can even select an existing category from the drop-down list.
      6. Optionally select Mark as Sub-Skill. Checking this checkbox means that the Skill cannot be triggered directly by a user phrase instead, it can only be triggered by other Skill.
      7. The status is automatically set to active and can be set to inactive if you need to make the skill inaccessible i.e. if the skill is not required or is pending changes. .
   2. KPI Metrics
       KPI Metrics indicate how this skill adds value to the organization. The parameters set here are used by Luma to calculate KPI metrics presented in the KPI Dashboard. Set KPI Metrics  as shown below:
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      1. Actionable Support Requests:  Specify the Number of minutes saved on Actionable Support Requests by executing the Skill . This is selected by default for all new Skills and existing skills for a tenant. The default value is set to  5 minutes.
      2. Automated Resolutions:  Specify the Number of minutes saved on Automated Resolutions by executing the Skill.
      3. Deflected Support Requests: Deflected support request means by using this Skill , user request is directly fulfilled avoiding the support request. If the Skill deflects support request, this parameter needs to be set up. Specify the Number of minutes saved  by executing the Skill  and deflecting support request.
3. Click Next.

Add User Phrases

User Phrases are a set of phrases used to train the bot’s Natural Language Processing (NLP) engine. Users Phrases are often referred to as utterances when discussing NLP. Phrases help the bot link the skill to the different ways a user asks for that skill. It is important to create phrases for how technical and non-technical users will ask for a skill. For example, a user may say "book meeting room" or "reserve conference room". Each of these is a different and valid way to trigger the same skill. It is recommended that you talk to different users and ask them how they would ask for skill so that you can build better phrases and make your bot more effective.

An Administrator and developer can define how the skill can be invoked by a user in the channel so that multiple ways of invoking the skill is allowed. In addition to the existing user phrases, the user can also be able to invoke the skill using the command which will bypass the NLP component for the skill identification. As a power user of skill, for the Developers, Support agents, and Administrators, who deal with the Skill Builder on a day-to-day basis, typing the entire user phrase can be time-consuming. Moreover, each user phrase undergoes the translation process through the NLP, which again delays the process to execute a skill. To quickly initiate the skill, Command is available along with the User Phrases. This approach will bypass the NLP and directly execute the required skill and eventually save time and effort.

The invocation type includes the following sections. A Skill can be invoked by using both, the User Phrases as well as Commands.

• User Phrases- a Skill can be invoked through the traditional approach using User Phrases.

• Command- a Skill can also be invoked using the Commands as shown in the image below.
  When you select the Command checkbox, the Skill Identifier is automatically populated as a Command in the Command section.

  Info
  The command must be in the format //command name. The command must be at least 8 characters and cannot contain numbers or special characters. Spaces are allowed. If the Skill is marked as a Sub-skill, the Invocation Type section is disabled. Select the Display in Suggested Skills checkbox if you want this Skill to be listed as Suggested Skills.

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To add phrases to your skill start typing in the Enter possible User Phrases text box in the User Phrases section. To add your phrase to the skill, press Enter/Return. Enter all the different ways you think users will ask for this skill.

Example:

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• WiFi Password

Tag Attributes to User Phrases

A developer or administrator can tag a word in a user phrase and link it to an attribute. This can be done in two ways

1. NLP extraction 
2. Entity extraction  

NLP extraction  

This method is used when the data type is TEXT. Here the value from the user's phrase is stored in an attribute and will skip any mandatory prompts for that value. This provides a better experience for the user and makes the conversation more intelligent. The NLP engine can extract Text type attributes when their NLP Extraction Method is set to Value or Pattern. 

For better understanding please refer Create Attributes

The following is an example of a Salesforce Account Request Skill with several instances of attribute tagging. Based on the attributes tagged in the phrase the NLP engine can skip one or more of the prompts in the skill.

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• In the User Phrases section of a skill, double-click a word or highlight a group of consecutive words in a user phrase that you want to tag to an attribute.
  The list of text type attributes with NLP extraction will show in a drop-down.
• On selecting the required attribute, the words appear as the Tagged Value.
• If the Attribute is set to Value in the NLP Extraction Method, you need to select what the tagged value should resolve to and store in the actual Attribute.
• Use the Resolved Value drop-down to select the value.
  • If the Tagged Value of the skill is one of the Synonyms available in the attribute, then the corresponding Values appear for selection in the Resolved Value drop-down list.
  • If the Tagged Value of the skill has only one Synonym available in the attribute, then that value automatically appears as the Resolved Value in the skill. For example, if the Tagged Value for the attribute Application has only one value - SAP, then SAP automatically appears as the Resolved Value in the skill.
  • If the Tagged Value does not belong to any of the existing resolved values - SAP, Oracle and Power BI, then you need to update the value and synonym values of the attribute, application.

Entity extraction 

Entity Extraction occurs for attributes with datatype EMAIL, NUMBER, or TIME. The extraction of the value is provided by the user even before the attribute is prompted. Need to explicitly mention the above line. If the attribute is prompted then the value provided by the user in a valid format is considered to be the value for the attribute.

When the entered Data type is EMAIL, NUMBER, or TIME, the entity extraction occurs. The value from the user's phrase will be automatically assigned to the attribute and the bot will skip any mandatory prompts for that value.

The values are assigned to the attribute in the sequence defined in the Conversation flow. 

For Example :

 If the user enters two phone numbers, then the first value will be assigned to the first attribute and the second value to the second attribute by skipping the mandatory prompts 

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If the user enters one phone number and one email address, then the values will be assigned to their corresponding attributes by skipping the mandatory prompts

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The user can also enter multiple values of EMAIL, NUMBER, and TIME. For all these 3 data types, the values from the user's phrase will be automatically assigned to their corresponding attributes and will skip any mandatory prompts.

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Build the Conversation Flow

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In the Conversation Flow section, select the required Conversation Item from the drop-down list. Conversation Item drop-down list includes Attribute, Integration Rule Set, and Information Message.

• Attributes are used to store information during a conversation between the bot and user. The value of an attribute can be set from user input, a web services call (through Connected App), or passed from other skills. This allows building dynamic conversations and gathering data used to fulfill the user's request. For example, if the user interacts with the bot asking to increase the memory on their desktop, the skill could prompt them through an attribute asking for how much memory is required. For more information on attributes, refer Create Global Attributes.
• Integration connects to external systems to perform actions for fulfilling the user's request. For example, if the user interacts with the bot asking to create a ticket in ServiceNow, then an integration action is performed with ServiceNow in order to execute the skill. For more information on integration, refer to Integrations.
• Rule Set is the process of branching from one skill to the other. This is often useful when a user asks for a generic request and through the conversation flow, you want to direct them to a more specific request (skill). For example, a user asks Luma for a new computer. Through a prompt you identify that the user requires a new laptop, then you can direct them to a laptop order skill. Likewise, you can branch to multiple skills and associate attributes according to the requirement. For more information on the ruleset, refer to Rule Set Overview.
• Information Message is used to send a message to the user that does not require a response. This is useful for letting the user know the bot is performing a task (for example: Resetting your password now. This may take a minute) or communicating fulfillment (for example, I created ticket 100-1234 for your network printer issue).
• Set Attribute is used to transform and store information received from a user or from an integration call. This allows the skill developers to convert the value and then use it in integration to execute a task, or in a Ruleset to branch to another Skill, or in an Information Message to provide user information. For example, extracting user details like first name, last name, organization name from an email address received as user input.  
• Automation Integration is used to add a published Automation Workflow Service to the Skills. Automation Workflows allow Administrators or Skill developers to automate tasks on remote services, servers, applications, and hardware. These workflows can then be added as Conversation items and triggered the skill is executed. For example, we can enable an AD account using Automation Workflows which will be triggered when a skill related to it is executed by the end-user. For more information, refer /wiki/spaces/DOC/pages/1617100849

Multiple conversation items can be added to a single skill by clicking Add Conversation Item. After any conversation Item is added to the flow, you can drag the item to place it in the right order using the Image Removed icon.

Attributes

If you select the Attribute Conversation Item, then select the required attribute from the drop-down list. You can also enter the first character of the attribute name to scroll down the list to that letter. All Attributes must be defined in Attributes tab before you create or edit the conversation. All details in the Attribute will be used in the Conversation Flow including the prompt and validation. For further details refer to the Create Global Attributes article.

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Attribute Override

While building the skill, Luma allows you to override the selected attribute. This means you can modify a few details of the attribute and continue to use the same instead of creating a new attribute. While overriding an Attribute, the changes made are local to the skill and do not have any impact on the original attribute.  The following details of the attribute can be overridden at skill level:

• Prompt type: No Prompt, Static User Prompt
• User prompt format: Text, Quick Replies, Cards, Image
• Validations

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To override an attribute, follow the below steps:

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To revert overridden changes of the attribute, please follow the below steps:

1. Click on the Attribute Name of the selected Attribute to open the View/Override Attribute window.
2. Click on Override button. 
3. Click on Reset to Default button. All the fields will be reset to the values of the original attribute.
4. Click on Done to save the changes.

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Integrations

An Integration is used in the conversation flow to call an external application to trigger fulfillment or retrieve information for the Skill. Once an Integration is added to the Conversation Flow follow the below steps.

Select the App Name from the drop-down list. This is a Connected App, or external system, that you previously created in the Integrations section of the Bot Builder interface. For more information on create 

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Rule Set

Add a Rule Set to a Conversation Flow when the Skill needs to evaluate a user's response and continue the Skill or branch to a different Skill. For more information on specifying the rule details, refer Rule Set Overview.

Automation Integration

Add an Automation Integration to the Conversation Flow when the Skill needs to execute one of the automated workflow services. For more information on how to automate service and trigger it through a Skill, refer /wiki/spaces/DOC/pages/1617100849.

Set Attribute

Set Attributes helps to create local attributes, set the existing attributes with the values received from Integration calls, and transform the data using the system-defined functions from Luma VA. . Set Attributes are available in two sections, 1. Skill Design 2. Operation Inbound mapping. There are two ways to use Set Attributes:  

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1. Select Set Attribute in Conversation Item.
2. In Add Attribute, select Set Attribute.
3. To Set an attribute, add the below details.
   1. Expression Type and Expression: These represent the type (Value or JSON) and the location path of the value to be assigned to attribute.
      1. Use Expression Type → Value when a direct value is to be assigned to the attribute e.g. @{response.body}, @{response.code}.
      2. Use Expression Type → JSONPath when a value from the received JSON response is to be assigned to the attribute e.g.  Expression points to a JSON path e.g. $.data.TicketIdentifier, $.data.items[*].Priority.
      3. Use Expression Type → Indirect JSONPath when a value from a JSON type attribute is to be assigned to the attribute e.g. Expression points to an attribute that holds a JSON path e.g. @{local.items}→$.[*].TicketIdentifier
      4. Use Expression Type → Xpath when a value of XPath expression to be assigned to the attribute i.e. Expression points to a Path e.g. //AddResponse/Description
   2. Scope: Represents the scope of the attribute to be used to hold the values
      1. Use Global to assign value to a Global attribute to be used in the skill. Though the attributes are available for other skills to use, the value is retained during the current skill execution.
      2. Use Local to create and set the value to a local attribute. These attributes are only valid and available during skill execution. The local variable value is retained between the prompts and is used to pass data between multiple integrations, user messages, or rules. If used after a bot response, value in the Local attribute is lost.
      3. Use User Custom to assign value to a User Custom Attribute. The values of the User custom Attribute is retained across skills unless overwritten.
   3. Attribute: This is the name of the attribute
   4. Data Type: Represents the data type of the attribute

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Information Message

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If you select Quick Replies, the following supported formats are displayed:

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1. Display the result of the integration call. 
2. Suggest the list of skills to be suggested to the user as post fulfillment of the skill.

Formating Messages

You can also format the bot messages using Smart Look ups. Type '@' to enable smart lookups and select the Format Category from dropdown.  This standardizes the text format on all configured channels such as MS Teams, Slack, Whatsapp, Business Hangouts, Web widget.  

To format your text:

1. Type '@' 
2. Select Format(format) from the list. You can add a line break or add Bold, Italic styles to the required text
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3. Select the required format.
   1. For Bold and Italic formats, start by selecting Begin Character for Bold/Italics tags.
   2. Add the End tags at the end of the text to be formatted.
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Conversation Flow Restrictions

When building a conversation, keep in mind the following:

• A Conversation Flow cannot end with an Attribute. A Skill cannot be saved when an Attribute is the last item in the flow.
• All Conversation Items must have the required information populated.

Creating then Building and Publishing a newly Created Skill

Once you are done building your Skill, click Create to create the skill.

 To publish a skill, on the Skill Builder, click Build & Publish Skills on the right side of the Skill Builder page. For more details on Building and Publishing skills see Build and Publish.

Reorder Attributes, Quick replies and Cards

To change the conversation flow according to your requirement, you can reorder the following in the Edit mode of the respective task or operation.

Manage Skill Permissions

Grant access to skill to individual users and groups so that correct people can execute the skill. For a smaller organization, where skill has to be accessed by only limited or few sets of users, you can directly add the users to the skill instead of creating a group and adding the skill and users to the group. For more details on permissions, see Define Roles, Permissions, and Groups.

Once a skill is created, the user is assigned to the skill by default (as seen in the Users section in the following screenshot). The Administrators group is also assigned to every skill and cannot be removed. This ensures that all skills can be accessed for testing by Administrators. Additional Groups can be added.

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To add additional groups or users to a skill, you need to edit the skill and then use the Add Group and Add User buttons. To learn more details about managing permissions, refer to Define Roles, Permissions, and Groups.

Execute Skills

Once the skills are created and published, you can execute the skill through the test bot or any other supporting channel as shown below. 

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Exit or Abort Skills

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2. You can now give a skill name, category, description and insert user phrases to create a new skill.
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3. Now, click on Create to proceed.

Let's now look at how we can create skills in Visual skill designer.

• Creating a skill with Visual Designer