Understanding Metadata
- sneha.tripathi
Metadata is defined as information that describes other data. It summarizes basic information about data and is can be used to identify, search, and manage data. For example, metadata for a User guide could contain information on the type and size of the document, author information, product or service it is related to, Features covered, etc.
Luma Knowledge is a metadata-based system that uses metadata to classify and locate Knowledge artifacts. The system uses Natural Language Programing to interpret the context of the Knowledge Artifacts and user requests to generate metadata. This metadata is used to find and present the most suitable information for the user inquiries, instead of the hundreds of responses with matching information.
The metadata generation process includes tokenizing the sentence and identifying metadata elements using parts of speech and dependency rules. From the various metadata elements creates by the NLP engine, Luma Knowledge uses the following metadata elements for managing Artifacts:
- 1.1 Topic:
- 1.2 Subject
- 1.3 Action
- 1.4 Motivation
- 1.5 Key Values
- 2 Metadata Examples
Topic, Subject, and Action are Mandatory Metadata elements for every Artifact. It is recommended that the mandatory metadata is correctly populated and updated in Knowledge Store.
Topic:
The Topic represents the main theme or principle of a piece of information. It categories the information and provides direction for information on related Subjects. In Luma Knowledge, Topics indicates the primary product or service, the artifact is linked to.
For example, for an article on resetting Microsoft Office 365 account password, the Topic is Microsoft.
Sentence | Topic |
|---|---|
How to reset Microsoft Office 365 account password | Microsoft |
The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. | Covid-19 virus, Infection |
IT service management (ITSM) is a general term that describes a strategic approach to design, deliver, manage and improve the way businesses use information technology (IT). ITSM includes all the discrete activities and processes that support a service throughout its lifecycle, from service management to change management, problem and incident management, asset management, and knowledge management. | Asset Management, Service management, Lifecycle |
When an Artifact is created, Luma Knowledge parses through the artifact contents to automatically identify the “Topic” and uses it to determines the artifact position in the Knowledge Graph. If a Topic is not found automatically, Curator must manually link the Artifact to the correct Topic.
It is important that the artifact is mapped to the correct Topic, to ensure that the artifact appears in relevant search results.
If no topic is identified or an incorrect Topic is identified, the Curator must update the Topic appropriately. This may occur due to a poorly worded or insufficient summary of the artifact.
Subject
Subject refers to the person, object, service, or product that is being discussed, described, or dealt with. It is usually the word that controls the verb or action in the sentence. In Luma Knowledge, the Subject is specific to the Artifact and represents the target of information available in the artifact. The naming word (noun) is identified as Subject.
For example, for an article on resetting Microsoft Office 365 account password, the Subject is Office 365.
passwords, Account, documents, information can be mapped as Subjects for an Artifact.
Sentence | Topic | Subject |
|---|---|---|
How to reset Microsoft Office 365 account password | Microsoft | Microsoft Office, Office 365, Account, Password |
The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. | Covid-19 virus, Infection | good way, transmission, disease, other, hand alcohol, rub, face |
IT service management (ITSM) is a general term that describes a strategic approach to design, deliver, manage and improve the way businesses use information technology (IT). ITSM includes all the discrete activities and processes that support a service throughout its lifecycle, from service management to change management, problem and incident management, asset management, and knowledge management. | Asset Management, Service management, Lifecycle | KMS*, it service management, information technology, incident management, asset management, knowledge management, ITSM, general term, strategic approach, way, business, it, discrete activity, process, service, management, problem |
Action
Action is the verb or action word in a sentence. It explains what the subject of the sentence is doing. In Luma Knowledge, Action word(s) indicate the purpose of the artifact. Verbs in the sentence such as Reset, Change, Create, Explain, Work can be mapped to Action words.
Sentence | Topic | Subject | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
How to reset Microsoft Office 365 account password | Microsoft | Office 365, Account, Password | Reset |
The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. | Covid-19 virus, Infection | good way, transmission, disease, other, hand alcohol, rub, face | prevent, slow, cause, spread, protect, wash, base, touch |
IT service management (ITSM) is a general term that describes a strategic approach to design, deliver, manage and improve the way businesses use information technology (IT). ITSM includes all the discrete activities and processes that support a service throughout its lifecycle, from service management to change management, problem and incident management, asset management, and knowledge management. | Asset Management, Service management, Lifecycle | KMS*, it service management, information technology, incident management, asset management, knowledge management, ITSM, general term, strategic approach, way, business, it, discrete activity, process, service, management, problem | describe, design, deliver, manage, improve, use, include, support, change |
Motivation
Motivation is a term or phrase that verbalizes why someone would want to see the information. In Luma Knowledge, Motivation words are used to determine the intention of the user query i.e. if the end-user request is to view instructions, definition or information, the reason for an issue, schedule, etc. Usually the question words such as how, why, what, when, where are mapped to Motivation.
Sentence | Topic | Subject | Action | Motivation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How to reset Microsoft Office 365 account password | Microsoft | Office 365, Account, Password | Reset | How |
The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. | Covid-19 virus, Infection | good way, transmission, disease, other, hand alcohol, rub, face | prevent, slow, cause, spread, protect, wash, base, touch | How |
IT service management (ITSM) is a general term that describes a strategic approach to design, deliver, manage and improve the way businesses use information technology (IT). ITSM includes all the discrete activities and processes that support a service throughout its lifecycle, from service management to change management, problem and incident management, asset management, and knowledge management. | Asset Management, Service management, Lifecycle | KMS*, it service management, information technology, incident management, asset management, knowledge management, ITSM, general term, strategic approach, way, business, it, discrete activity, process, service, management, problem | describe, design, deliver, manage, improve, use, include, support, change | that |
Key Values
Key-Value refers to the additional information about the Artifact, which is not explicitly available in the content. A Curator can add complementary information about the artifact as Key and value pairs, which can be used as additional metadata to identify dependencies or add extra filters.
Sentence | Topic | Subject | Action | Motivation | Key-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
How to reset Microsoft Office 365 account password | Microsoft | Office 365, Account, Password | Reset | How | Provider: Active Directory |
The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. | Covid-19 virus, Infection | good way, transmission, disease, other, hand alcohol, rub, face | prevent, slow, cause, spread, protect, wash, base, touch | How | Provider : face |
IT service management (ITSM) is a general term that describes a strategic approach to design, deliver, manage and improve the way businesses use information technology (IT). ITSM includes all the discrete activities and processes that support a service throughout its lifecycle, from service management to change management, problem and incident management, asset management, and knowledge management. | Asset Management, Service management, Lifecycle | it service management, information technology, incident management, asset management, knowledge management, ITSM, general term, strategic approach, way, business, it, discrete activity, process, service, management, problem | describe, design, deliver, manage, improve, use, include, support, change | that | Provider : ITSM |
Metadata Examples
Artifact Metadata is as important as the actual information available in the Knowledge Artifact itself. It ensures that the Knowledge is available to end-users when requested. The curator must verify that the metadata identified for an artifact is correct and relevant.
Here are a few sample sentences and metadata identified by Luma Knowledge:
Note: These are potential metadata identified by the system. The curator must review and update the metadata to ensure the system generates correct result sets.
Sentence | Topic | Subject | Action | Motivation | Key Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The article describes how you can log in to the Bot Builder application | Bot Builder application | article | describe, log | how |
|
Your Apple ID is the account that you use to access all Apple services and make all of your devices work together seamlessly. After you log in, you can use the App Store, iCloud, iMessage, Apple Music, Apple TV+, and more. | Apple, device | apple id, apple service, app store, apple music, apple tv, account, iCloud, iMessage, Apple, the App Store | use, access, work, log | that | Provider : Apple TV |
The GDPR sets out seven principles for the lawful processing of personal data. Processing includes the collection, organisation, structuring, storage, alteration, consultation, use, communication, combination, restriction, erasure or destruction of personal data. | GDPR | GDPR, principle, lawful processing, personal datum, processing, collection, organization, structuring, storage, alteration, consultation, use, communication, combination, restriction, destruction, seven | set, include, erasure | What | Provider : GDPR |
To cancel flight tickets, Log on to the IndiGo Website and click on View/Change bookings on the homepage. One of the listed features here allows you to cancel your flight. You can also connect with the IndiGo Call Centre or go to IndiGo’s Airport Counter. | Indigo website, Change booking, indigo call centre, airport counter, homepage, feature | flight ticket, View flight, IndiGo, Log, the IndiGo Website, View / Change, homepage, One, Airport Counter | log, cancel, click, list, allow, connect | How | Provider : Airport Counter |
IT service management (ITSM) is a general term that describes a strategic approach to design, deliver, manage and improve the way businesses use information technology (IT). ITSM includes all the discrete activities and processes that support a service throughout its lifecycle, from service management to change management, problem and incident management, asset management, and knowledge management. | Asset Management, Service management, Lifecycle | KMS*, it service management, information technology, incident management, asset management, knowledge management, ITSM, general term, strategic approach, way, business, it, discrete activity, process, service, management, problem | describe, design, deliver, manage, improve, use, include, support, change | that | Provider : ITSM |
Knowledge management (KM) is the process of creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organization. It refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieve organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. | Knowledge, Organization | KMS*, knowledge management, KM, process, sharing, knowledge, information, multidisciplinary approach, organizational objective, good use | create, manage, refer, achieve, make | What |
|